Can Heat Pumps Work Effectively in Freezing Climates?

Heat pumps are becoming an increasingly popular choice for homeowners who want energy-efficient heating and cooling. But one of the most common questions people ask is, “Can heat pumps work effectively in freezing climates?”

The short answer is yes, but not all heat pumps are built the same. Modern technology has made today’s heat pumps far more capable of handling cold weather than older models. Still, it’s important to understand how they perform in low temperatures and what to look for if you live in a region with harsh winters.

How Heat Pumps Work

A heat pump doesn’t generate heat the same way a furnace does. Instead, it transfers heat from one place to another. In the winter, it extracts heat from the outdoor air and moves it indoors. In the summer, the process reverses, removing heat from your home to keep it cool.

Even in cold air, there’s still some heat available to transfer. The challenge comes when temperatures drop very low, because there’s less ambient heat to extract, and efficiency decreases. That’s why cold-climate technology is so important.

The Role of Cold-Climate Heat Pumps

Thanks to advances in design and engineering, cold-climate heat pumps (CCHPs) can operate efficiently in temperatures as low as –5°F to –15°F. These systems use enhanced compressors, variable-speed fans, and improved refrigerants to extract more heat from cold air than traditional models.

In regions like Pennsylvania and West Virginia, where winters can be freezing, cold-climate heat pumps can perform exceptionally well, especially when paired with proper insulation and a supplemental heating system.

How Heat Pumps Handle Freezing Temperatures

When the temperature drops below freezing, your heat pump will:

• Run longer heating cycles: It works harder to maintain comfort but remains energy-efficient.

• Activate defrost mode: This melts frost buildup on the outdoor coil to prevent efficiency loss.

• Use backup heating: Some systems include auxiliary electric heat or are paired with a gas furnace in a dual-fuel system for added reliability.

  
  

Dual-fuel systems are particularly effective in freezing climates, switching between the heat pump and furnace as needed for the best efficiency and comfort balance.

Factors That Affect Cold-Weather Performance

Several key factors determine how well your heat pump performs in freezing conditions:

1. System Type

Only cold-climate or high-efficiency air-source heat pumps are rated for subfreezing operation. Older standard models may struggle in very low temperatures.

2. Proper Sizing

A correctly sized heat pump ensures your system can handle your home’s heating load even during extreme weather. An undersized unit will run constantly, while an oversized one may short-cycle and wear out faster.

3. Home Insulation

A well-insulated home helps retain the heat your system produces, reducing workload and improving comfort. Poor insulation can make even the best system less effective.

4. Regular Maintenance

Dirty filters, blocked outdoor units, and neglected components can drastically reduce efficiency. Scheduling professional tune-ups before each heating season helps your heat pump perform at its best.

Benefits of Using a Heat Pump in Cold Climates

Despite the cold, heat pumps offer several advantages that make them a smart investment:

• High energy efficiency: They use less electricity than electric furnaces or baseboard heaters.

• Year-round comfort: Provide both heating and cooling in one system.

• Lower operating costs: Reduce monthly utility bills, especially in well-insulated homes.

• Environmentally friendly: Use cleaner energy and produce fewer emissions than fuel-burning systems.

  
  

Many homeowners find that a modern cold-climate heat pump offers consistent comfort while significantly lowering energy costs compared to older systems.

Why Professional Installation Is Key

For the best results, your heat pump should be installed and configured by a professional. Proper sizing, refrigerant charging, and airflow balancing ensure your system can handle freezing conditions efficiently.

At Van Bremen’s Heat & Air, our team specializes in installing and maintaining cold-climate heat pumps. We help homeowners choose systems that match their climate, home design, and energy goals for year-round reliability.

Call Today for Heat Pump Installation and Service

If you’re ready to enjoy efficient, year-round comfort, even in freezing temperatures, contact Van Bremen’s Heat & Air today. Call (814) 483-1735 or fill out our online form to schedule a consultation. Our experts will help you choose the right cold-climate heat pump and ensure your home stays warm and efficient all winter long.